The opening allows flow in only one direction - from the ileum to the caeca. The junction of the labium superius et inferius in front and behind is called the frenula.ileal papilla (formerly valva ileacaecalis) = a sphincter muscle valve that separates the small intestine and the large intestine.rectocecal recess - the area behind the caecum, between the intestine and the peritoneum parietale.The caecum is separated from the fascia muscles by a wall peritoneum, under which the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve runs. It rests on the back of the iliacus muscle and the psoas major muscle. The length is 6-8 cm, the width is 6-7.5 cm. It forms a sac in the right hip socket, caudally from the ileocaecal orifice (ileum orifice from the left). On the large intestine, we also find plicae semilunares ( crescent-shaped algae) and appendicitis complications, which are protrusions of the serous peritoneal coating of the large intestine, filled with fatty ligament, an unclear function. By aggregation we denote the action and the immediate appearance of the intestine. Haustra coli are externally arched places on the intestine, they are a manifestation of the function of the muscle longitudinal (shrinking) and transverse (throttling).taenia libera - front, freely accessible.taenia omentalis - anterior upper, at the junction and fusion of the greater omentum.taenia mesocolica - at the back, at the point of attachment to the transverse mesocolon.Taeniae coli are 3 whitish longitudinal stripes 8–10 mm wide on the surface of the large intestine, it is a thickening of the longitudinal muscle, according to the position on the transverse colon we distinguish:.Left colic flaxure- below the spleen (splenic flexion - flexura lienalis), between the colon transversum and the descendens, higher than the right flexion.Right colic flexure - under the liver (hepatic flexure - flexura hepatica), between the colon ascendens and the transversum.Among the sections of the colon we find typical bends: rectum ( rectum ) - the last sections of the intestine in a small pelvis, ends at the opening called the anus ( anus ).colon sigmoideum ( esophageal loop ) - from the end of the colon descendens to the center of the small pelvis.descending colon ( colon downward ) - the left side of the abdominal cavity from the spleen to the left hypogastrium.

colon transversum (right colon ) - from right to left under the liver and stomach to the spleen.

ascending colon ( colon upward ) - from appendicitis upward on the right side below the liver.

colon ( colon ) - the main part of the large intestine which comprises:.

caecum ( intestinum caecum, appendix ) - the widest part, placed in the right pit of the hip and ileocaecal orifice on the left side of the appendix, appendix vermiformis ( worm-like protrusion ) - attached to the blind end of the cecum.

We distinguish the following sections of the large intestine Creates appendicitis complications - surface protrusions. Colon serosa There is a peritoneal coating on the surface, which is the same as in the small intestine. It is found in all sections of the large intestine. Functional sphincters are a local accumulation of circular bundles. The longitudinal layer is very thin, and the circular layer is thickened. Large intestinal muscle Typical inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer. Contains vascular and nerve plexus and clusters of lymphocytes (nodules) from the mucosa penetrates it. Submucosal ligament The colonic ligament of the large intestine is sparse. The lamina muscularis mucosae, which contains both longitudinal and circular bundles, is well formed. Lymphatic tissue accumulates in the appendix. The mucosal ligament contains solitary lymphoid follicles(mostly in the appendix). It has numerous glands and long Lieberkühn crypts.

It is covered by a single layer of cylindrical epithelium. Parts of the large intestineThe mucosa of the large intestine is pale and does not have villi.

Colic flexture